![]() All these methods need as prerequisite the selection of a proper suite of earthquake ground motions to be reliable. In fact, among all possible sources of uncertainty (e.g., structural material properties, modeling approximations, design and analysis assumptions, etc.), the selection of earthquake ground motion has the highest effect on the variability of the structural response ( Padgett and Desroches, 2007). The selection of earthquake records on most of seismic design codes are based on parameters obtained by disaggregated seismic hazard maps at a specific site, such as the magnitude, M, and the source-to-site distance, R, but other parameters can also be used, such as the soil type, the source mechanism, and the duration. Other parameters can also be used based on intensity measures, such as the peak ground acceleration, pga, the spectral acceleration at the fundamental period of the structure S a( T 1). ![]() ![]() Other selection criteria are based on spectral matching to a specific target spectrum, such as (1) a design code spectrum, (2) a seismic scenario determined from a ground motion prediction relationship ( Campbell and Bozorgnia, 2008), (3) a uniform hazard spectrum (UHS), and (4) a conditional mean spectrum (CMS) ( Baker, 2011).
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